petition- a formal request to an authority for rights privileges and other benefits; it is usually signed and considered a form of passive social protest.
militia- citizens train to defend their country on a volunteer basis with little military training.
the Battle of Duck Lake - the Northwest mounted police found it was blocked by Natives and they were outnumbered.
the Battle of Fish Creek- a general led 850 troops against Metis troops and it was major victory for the Metis
Battle of Batoche- it was a battle between the Cree, the Sioux, the Metis and the Canadian forces
the Battle of Cut Knife Hill- the Cree forces under Poundmaker battled the Canadian forces
Gatling Gun- an early type of hand crank machine gun
high treason- the intentional plan to overthrow the government; Poundmaker and Riel were both put on trial for treason
plea of insanity- a crime committed by someone who claims or deemed as mentally unstable
3. a) Riel fought for the rights of francophones in Canada's West. He was of French and Native heritage. He wanted to preserve French culture and Metis culture in Canada. Therefore, the people of Quebec supported him.
b) Macdonald saw that Riel would undermine Macdonald's French support, interfere with the railway, obstruct future settlers, and contest the authority of Ottawa.
c) The people of Ontario did not like Quebec supporting Riel and many Protestant in Ontario were anti-Catholic and anti-French. The Trial of Louis Riel greatly divided the Dominion of Canada and support for Confederation or further incorporation of lands into Canada.
The Battle of Duck Lake (26 March 1885) was an infantry skirmish 2.5 kilometres (1.6 mi) outside Duck Lake, Saskatchewan, between North-West Mounted Police forces of the Government of Canada, and the Métis militia of Louis Riel's newly established Provisional Government of Saskatchewan.The skirmish lasted approximately 30 minutes, after which Superintendent Leif Newry Fitzroy Crozier of the NWMP, his forces having endured fierce fire with twelve killed and eleven wounded, called for a general retreat. The battle is considered the initial engagement of the North-West Rebellion. Although Louis Riel proved to be victorious at Duck Lake, the general agreement among historians is that the battle was strategically a disappointment to his cause
The Battle of Fish Creek (also known as the Battle of Tourond's Coulée ), fought April 24, 1885 at Fish Creek, Saskatchewan, was a major Métis victory over the Canadian forces attempting to quell Louis Riel's North-West Rebellion. Although the reversal was not decisive enough to alter the ultimate outcome of the conflict, it was convincing enough to persuade Major General Frederick Middleton to temporarily halt his advance on Batoche, where the Métis would later make their final stand.
The Battle of Batoche was the decisive battle of the North-West Rebellion, which pitted the Canadian authorities against a force of Cree, Sioux, and Métis people. Fought from May 9 to 12, 1885, at the ad hoc Provisional Government of Saskatchewan capital of Batoche, the greater numbers and advanced firepower of General Frederick Middleton's force could not be successfully countered by the Métis men, and the various contributions of the Métis women. The defeat of the Métis led Middleton's army to sack, loot, and burn the houses of the Métis. Louis Riel surrendered on May 15 and shortly after the collapse of the Provisional Government occurred. Poundmaker surrendered on May 26.
The Battle of Cut Knife, fought on May 2, 1885, occurred when a flying column of mounted police, militia, and Canadian army regular army units attacked a Cree and Assiniboine teepee settlement near Battleford, Saskatchewan. First Nations fighters forced the Canadian forces to retreat, with losses on both sides.
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